Every hospital that has an emergency department and accepts Medicare or Medicaid reimbursement must follow the federal law and Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) interpretive guidelines on Emergency Medical Treatment and Labor Act (EMTALA). This includes critical access hospitals. This presentation will cover the EMTALA regulations concerning on‐call physicians. Sue Dill Calloway will cover special responsibilities, various definitions, EMTALA and outpatients, inpatients and observation, telemetry, medical screening exams, when to be on diversion, state plans and much more.